We examined how spatial scales and edaphic features affect the associations between species abundance and functional traits of woody communities in the edaphically different landscape. We established 10 plots within the landscape in Seto, Japan, measured diameter at breast height of all woody individuals excluding lianas and measured four traits (leaf area, leaf dry matter content (LDMC), specific leaf area (SLA) and maximum height) for all species. We compared patterns of association between abundance and traits among three spatial scales and between two edaphic features (granite and gravel). We found significant abundance-traits associations for maximum height and LDMC at the landscape scale (ca. 530 ha), for SLA, LDMC and maximum height at the plot scale (0.09-0.25 ha), and for all traits at the quadrat scale (0.01 ha). Except for maximum height, there were different abundance-traits associations between edaphic features. Our results suggest that there are non-random processes affecting species abundance especially in the small scale (i.e. quadrat scale), and that the edaphic difference in trait-mediated process plays a important role in maintaining tree species diversity at the landscape level.