Ecosystem services are benefits that people obtain from ecosystems (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). The linkages between humans and ecosystem services need to be strengthened, and this strengthened linkage would greatly benefit people worldwide. However, the benefits that local inhabitants have obtained from ecosystems are unclear. This study focuses on collaborative phytosociological surveys with land owners/users and identifying vascular plant species that are useful commercially and in daily life. It aims to clarify specific segments of ecosystem services by studying vegetation in the ecosystem. The study primarily involved phytosociological and ethnobotanical surveys conducted in Tectona grandis plantations in Lao PDR and Cryptomeria japonica plantations in Japan. T. grandis plantations tended to have a greater number of useful plant species than C. japonica plantations, which is attributable to differences in floristic composition, inhabitants’ knowledge of plant species, and their livelihoods.