Domestication is the genetic change arising from the transition of a population from wild to human cultivation. The domestication can be a problem in programs of captive rearing of endangered species and mass-rearing of biological control agents. Sweet potato weevil is one of the most important pests of sweet potato. A program was initiated in Japan, targeting the weevil for eradication by sterile insect technique (SIT). The SIT is a pest control by releasing mass-reared and sterilized males into field to reduce the progeny of wild pest. Therefore, quality control of mass-reared insects is essential. In a mass-rearing condition, the weevil artificially selected for shorter developmental period to maximize efficiency of mass production. This procedure will favor investment in oviposition at younger age. Furthermore, mating opportunity is extremely high because of high population density. The high mating opportunity and shorter reproductive period will change the pattern of sperm utilization of females. These domestications may cause the serious changes in quality of the weevil. We compared the oviposition schedule and sperm utilization between mass-reared and wild strains. The implications of the domestication on adaptive evolution and SIT programs are discussed.