Mutualism with microbe sometimes exhibits cultivation mutualism, which represents that a host grows its symbiont as a crop. Here, we report the cultivation mutualism between the lizard beetle Doubledaya bucculenta (Coleoptera: Erotylidae) and yeast. Adult females of D. bucculenta oviposit into the internode cavities of recently dead bamboo culms. The larvae complete the development in such cavities without feeding on bamboo tissues. The Saccharomycetes yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus alone was isolated from the larval body surface and the cavities of larva-present bamboo internodes. Rearing experiments showed that D. bucculenta completed the development on the yeast alone but did not on the host bamboo alone. The adult females had a single mycangium containing the yeast. The results indicate that the insect-yeast system satisfies three of the four necessary conditions for high-level cultivation mutualism (i.e. agriculture); planting and harvesting the associated yeast, and obligate nutritional dependency on it. Recovery of only the yeast from larva-present internodes suggested the protection of the symbiotic yeast from pest microbes by the larvae, suggesting the fulfillment of the remaining necessary condition.