An urban landscape is a mosaic of several land use elements which concertedly provide habitats for various wildlife. We investigated the effects of different land use elements on the occurrence of butterfly species in Tokyo using citizen-based observation data. We archived 4,518 butterfly occurrence data collected by citizens during 2001-2010 and calculated proportion of land use elements (woodland, cultivated area, rivers and lakes, parks and green spaces, and homestead woodland) on approximately 1km² grid-cell. We analyzed the relationships of the occurrence and proportion of the land use elements using Maxent model. Of distribution models of 34 butterflies, 21 models demonstrated good discrimination and 17 species’ probabilities of occurrence responded significantly positively or negatively to land use of the grid. Every land use elements had positive effects for at least one species’ probability of occurrence. Our results suggest that land use influences the butterfly fauna at local scale and citizen-based observation data are useful to evaluate the influence.