Distribution and abundance of ants are highly dependent on temperature. Therefore, the change of ant distribution due to global warming can be predicted using a temperature-based model. In order to develop the model, we surveyed ants at the 366 sampling sites of forests in the whole region of South Korea using pitfall traps from 2006 to 2009. In addition, we compared abundance of ants in the Gwangneung forest between 1993 and 2009 in order to test influence of global warming on local ant community. Of 58 ant species collected, 20 common species which occurred at more than 10% of sampling sites were analyzed on the relationship between abundance and temperature, and 16 species were found to have high relationship. The temperature-dependent species were considered as climate indicators, and their abundance and distribution in 2011, 2020, 2060, and 2090 were estimated on A1B climate scenario. The prediction shows that 11 species will decrease as the globe warms, but 5 species will increase. In the Gwanneung forest, Myrmica kotokui Forel occurred in 1993 but disappeared in 2009. This species is estimated to be most vulnerable to global warming on the model. This species is most abundant in the highlands in South Korea in 2011, but is expected to disappear almost in 2090.