Recent agriculture which depends on synthetic pesticide, herbicide, and fertilizer caused several ecological problems such as loss of biodiversity. While, organic farming without chemicals is considered to preserve the biodiversity. However, further studies are still needed to understand the potential role of organic farming on supporting sustainable rice production. In order to understand how the history of organic cultivation impacts on biodiversity in paddy fields, soil, aquatic organisms, and aboveground arthropods, and rice plant development were investigated in the organic paddy fields with different histories such as 5, 10, and 20 years old. Results indicated that the benefits of organic farming on soil nutrient, abundance of aquatic organisms and aboveground arthropods were higher 10 or 20 years old than 5 years. But rice plant productivity in 20 years old was lower than 5 and 10 years, and it may be due to less number of mechanical weeding which could help on nutrient cycling process. Our results emphasized that although older organic paddy field have high biodiversity and huge nutrients in soil, technical management such as mechanical weeding would be important for supporting rice plant production.