Numerous plants have seed-dispersal mechanisms that are associated with animals. We investigated the dispersal of a large-seeded tree species, Ginkgo biloba, in a temperate forest of Ishikawa Forest Experiment Station, Japan. Although its smelly seeds are one of its most well-known and distinctive features, we know very little about how seed dispersal works in living ginkgo, Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae). By using camera-trapping observations of fallen seed consumption on the ground, we identified the frugivore assemblage that foraged on the seeds of G. biloba and assessed their role in seed dispersal and seed predation. Our results showed that frugivores dispersing seeds were carnivorous mammals, including Raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides, Eurasian badger Meles anakuma, Masked palm civet Paguma larvata, and Asiatic black bear Ursus thibetanus, whereas large Japanese field mouse Apodemus speciosus predated most seeds, but scatter-hoarded some on the ground. High seed removal rates and defecation of intact seeds by these carnivorous mammals lead us to the conclusion that they show high effectiveness, in terms of quantity, in dispersal of this tree species. Ginkgo biloba seeds are confirmed to adapt primarily to mammalian endozoochory, a mutualistic association similar in function to fleshy pulp.