All free-standing woody plants of ≥ 1 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) are mapped and identified to species in a 50 ha plot on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama, and survival and growth of these plants, as well as recruitment, have been recorded in eight full censuses since 1982. However, by excluding plants < 1 cm dbh, we miss two-thirds or more of all individuals. How this cutoff census size affects conclusions about the spatiotemporal dynamics of BCI tree species populations is currently unknown. To test the feasibility of doing a complete demography of focal BCI tree species, in 2014, we censused the entire post-germination population of Calophyllum longifolium (Calophyllaceae), a bat-dispersed canopy tree species, in the BCI plot. This is the first complete census and map of the population of any tree species at this spatial scale. The complete census revealed substantial differences between the spatial distribution of seedlings and small saplings and those of plants ≥ 1cm dbh. We have also completed a second census in 2015 that includes new recruits and we report the first short-term dynamics of the entire post-germination Calophyllum population in the entire 50 ha plot.