Short-term studies showed deer browsing decreased growth and survival of particular tree species. However, it remains uncertain whether deer browsing would have a long-term effect on regeneration of species favored by deer.
    Here, we show how deer browsing influences regeneration of a particular species favored by deer by simulation.
    We made fieldworks in Yaku Island where understory vegetation is heavily browsed by deer and fences to protect vegetation have been made in many locations. We made a survey inside and outside of the fence placed in evergreen forest in Mt. Aiko. We determined mortality and height growth from 2014 to 2015. Among them, significant differences between outside and inside were observed for Cinnamomum yabunikkei.
    Using those data, we simulated changes in species abundance over 1000 years with SEIB-DGVM. For simulation, we assumed two categorical species: species heavily browsed and others. As a result, heavily browsed species continuously decreased over 200 years, and then individuals less than 20 survived over the rest 800 years. On the other hand, others increased by 200 years and then maintained a stabilized population size. This result implies deer browsing reduces abundance of a favored species, but its extinction is not always resulted.