According to WHO, there were 212 million cases of malaria and 429,000 deaths in 2015. Most malaria cases occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite enormous efforts at control, malaria remains the most dangerous vector-borne disease for human. The common control measures for malaria are mosquito nets and indoor residual spray as well as artemisinin-based combination therapy for treatment.  On the other hand, emerging (or re-emerging) infectious diseases, such as dengue and chikungunya, have become serious threads for Africa.  The vectors of these diseases are mosquitoes.  I will introduce important vector-borne diseases in Africa, and ecology and control measures of vectors.