Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is a globally-significant industry and the world’s fastest-growing source of mercury (Hg) contamination to environment and health. Gold deposits are widely abundant throughout Myanmar, and the gold excavation is particularly in the reserved forest. The forest degradation caused by the ASGM is also threatening and it goes that the mineral exploration can be devastated the long-term impacts of the forest ecosystem. The environment and social information are necessary to understand the sustainable ways of ASGM. The objective of this study is to investigate sustainable ways of ASGM in Myanmar. The total Hg (T-Hg) concentration was measured and a total of 174 households were interviewed from five villages where ASGM activities are widely practiced. The T-Hg concentration of soil and vegetable which were correspondingly over the limit level of the Japanese Environmental Standard and standard of WHO values. Structural equation modeling showed the significant relationship between the social components and the ecological indicators of soil and vegetable. The results figured out not only the environmental indicators such as soil were specifically highly contaminated, but also the social indicator of the ASGM communities ought to be considered for sustainable development.