Bangladesh is likely to be one of the most vulnerable countries in the world due to climate change. Therefore, the significant effects of sea level changes on landscape ecology cannot be overlooked in Bangladesh as the majority of the population of the country depend on the natural ecosystem resource base. One meter sea level rise will inundate about 5,608 million acres of existing coastal land as a result 13.74% of net cropped area and about 401,600 ha. of mangrove forest will be vanished. This paper looks into to discover the nature of risk and vulnerability of the landscape ecology of Bangladesh mainly in the costal areas for climate change and identify the effects of those changes in various components of the landscape ecology. The data of this research was collected both from primary and secondary sources. The study shows effects are already evident in the landscape ecology of Bangladesh especially in the costal area. It is hope that this study will be helpful for environmental planning from the landscape ecological point of view. So, through this study a few remarks are made on the adaptation options for Bangladesh in the event of climate change from the perspective of environmental protection and ecological balance.