we synthesize findings from published studies in recent ten years on forest soil C stock and soil C process in China, including soil C stocks in different forests, soil C chemical stability, soil respiration and its portioning components in association with underlying mechanisms, and impacts of climate changes and land use change on soil C processes, etc. The research progress of key scientific issues related to soil C processes and the principal unresolved issues are explored. We also discuss the future development of forest soil C research in China in view of the global perspective.The review is expect to provide scientific contributions for understanding forest soil C sequestration potential and for developing adaptation measures in forest management based on the current forest soil C research progress in China.