Quercus liaotungensis is a widely distributed deciduous woody species in northern Chinese froest, which also plays important ecological function in Chinese Loess Plateau. Oaks are critically dependent on Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi for their establishment and growth. But, there are few reports about ECM community on Q. liaotungensis forest in this area. To clarify the changes in ECM community structure along different succession stage of Q. liaotungensis forests, root sampling were carried out in Mt. Gonglu of Yan’an, China. We sampled three Q. liaotungensis categories representing the succession stage: "early succession stage" (1-3 years), "medium succession stage" (20-30 years) and "late succession stage" (50-80 years). Root samples were sorted by morphotype, DNA was subsequently extracted from individual root tips for PCR-RFLP, and rDNA sequencing of the ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 region was carried out to identify fungal morphotypes. More than eighty fungal species were found in the study site. The structure of ECM fungal communities shifted from early to late successional stages of Q. liaotungensis forests in Chinese Loess Plateau, which may be interpreted by the difference in abiotic and biotic environments.