Zeya Nature Reserve is located in the northern part of the Amur Oblast in the Russian Far East established in 1963. The nature reserve is protected from human disturbances such as loggings and artificial forest fires. We compare forest structure and species composition among the nature reserve, its boundary, and the outside area for significance of the setting of the nature reserve. A total of 17 research plots (circle plot with an area of 100 m²) were set up inside and outside, and boundary around the reserve, and trees larger than 2 m height were identified the species and measured their size (girth and height) in August of 2016 and 2017. Outside the research plot, we collected stem core samples of canopy trees to estimate their age. From the results, Betula platyphylla, Larix gmelinii, Picea ajanensis, and Pinus pumila dominated forests were distributed along an altitudinal gradient around the nature reserve. Birch forest and mixed forest of birch and larch were mostly found on the outside the reserve and boundary according to fires. Age of Pinus pumila, Picea ajanensis and Larix gmelinii were shown over 100 years. On the other hand, age of Betula platyphylla of the outside the reserve and boundary area was less than 50 years. It was suggested that forest vegetation of the nature reserve was kept on a good condition. On the other hand, stand structure of the boundary and outside the nature reserve differs depending on the impact of the forest fires, and the setting of the nature reserve contributes to maintenance of the forest vegetation.