A project is underway to investigate the effectiveness of ground bamboo (GB) application on rice production (P2-PC-342). In this study, we evaluated effects of GB application on paddy field biodiversity using Odonata as an indicator. We conducted field experiments using 16 experimental paddies comprising five treatments with 3–4 replicates each: control, manual weeding, low-volume (0.5t/10a), medium-volume (1.0t/10a) and high-volume (2.0t/10a) GB applications. During the summer, we carried out weekly exuviae sampling and environmental DNA (eDNA) analyses. At given times, greater numbers of Odonata taxa were identified by eDNA relative to exuviae analyses. eDNA analyses showed no significant difference in Odonata richness among treatments, whereas exuviae analyses revealed lower Odonata richness in the high-volume GB treatment relative to other treatments. Specifically, the emergence rates of three Libellulidae dragonflies were low or zero in the high-volume GB treatment. In contrast, the emergence rates of Anax parthenope (Aeshnidae) were highest in the high-volume GB treatment. These results suggest that application of ground bamboos have mixed effects on Odonata emergence rates depending on taxa and volumes of GB applications. We will discuss potential mechanisms for effects of GB applications on Odonata emergence with regards to aquatic plant diversity, oxidation-reduction potential and species interactions