There was a decreasing trend in agricultural land usage after the Soviet Union. Although in recent years agricultural land is estimated to increase whereas foreign and domestic investors took interest and started to explore effective land use for agriculture, Russian official land usage statistics are not sufficient to provide any consistent evidence to show the agricultural land usage expansion. The impact and trend of agricultural expansion on vegetation cover were examined in Oktiabr’skii and Leninskoe district of Jewish Autonomous Oblast. Landsat 1-5 MSS (1998), 4-5 TM (2011), and 8 (2019) images were used to analyze the expansion of agriculture using ArcGIS Pro software. The supervised image classification technique was used to classify the precise land-use types. Ground reference data verified the accuracy of the classification. Results showed that the actively used land for agriculture increased 555.49 km² from its origin while deciduous forest and swamp confronted a significant decrease of 676.4 km² and 117.04 km² respectively. Therefore, despite the economic advantages, the agricultural expansion is threatening the deciduous forest and swamp ecosystems, which somewhere caused by illegal cultivation. Our results recommend the maintenance of this vast land area of Jewish Autonomous Oblast with identifying the threatened ecosystems.