Adaptive radiation, the evolution of ecological and phenotypic diversity within a rapidly multiplying lineage, is well-known as one of the most important processes of speciation. Recently, several adaptive radiations of certain plant groups have been recognized within high-mountain around the world, including Asia and the Neotropics. While Asia and the Neotropics are geographically far from each other, some closely related plant groups are distributed in both regions, and experienced parallel evolution and also adaptive radiation. I would like to introduce recent trends in comparative evolutionary study of plants group between the two regions.