Elucidating ecosystem stability and its biological mechanisms under environmental changes is one of the major issues in community ecology. Previous studies on biodiversity and stability of primary productivity have mainly focused on inter-specific diversity and synchrony via complementarity among component species. Since inter-individual variation within a species can be relatively large in communities consisting of a small number of species such as drylands, intra-specific diversity or synchrony can matter for stability, which has rarely been assessed quantitatively. In this study, we the performed partitioning of temporal variability and synchrony of primary production in desert steppe into multiple hierarchies (intra-specific, inter-specific, and local-scale spatial synchrony) by applying our newly developed approach to individual-level time series data of primary production. We outline a novelty of our approach using a case study of desert steppe for clarifying critical stabilizing mechanisms of biological assembly. By applying our framework, we can identify in which hierarchy synchrony is relatively important for ecosystem stability across highly nested biological hierarchies. Finaly, we outlook explorations of intra-specific diversity effects on stability and applicability of our partitioning method for diversity-stability relationships.