The macaques (genus Macaca), a representative example of adaptive radiation in primates, consists of 23 extant species distributed across North Africa and Asia that exhibit remarkable ecological and morphological diversity. These species can be organized into three species groups based on phylogeny: sylvanus (1 species), fascicularis (4 species), sinica (7 species), and silenus (11 species). While qualitative and broader comparative studies among primates have been conducted, no study has yet estimated niche differences and ancestral niche characteristics within Macaca. Here, we estimate climatic niche differentiation and species diversification trajectories among Macaca species. To estimate potential distributions and current climatic niche breadths, we employed species distribution model (SDM) ensembles integrating Random Forest, Maxent, and Boosted Regression Trees for the 13 species that had more than 15 occurrence records after being thinned to a 15 km resolution.　Furthermore, we estimated species richness patterns across Asia using model stacking methods and macroecological models. We found that the Asian groups (fascicularis, sinica, and silenus) show substantial niche overlap in both annual mean temperature and precipitation, indicating broad niche breadth and adaptive radiation under shared environmental conditions. In contrast, the sylvanus group (Macaca sylvanus) occupies a distinctly different niche, reflecting adaptation to North Africa’s cold, arid climate. Using the results of the SDMs, we then made time-series reconstructions of ancestral niche characteristics with evolutionary models, which indicated significant niche expansion in both the sinica and fascicularis groups, implying divergence in adaptive strategies. In contrast, the silenus group exhibited high niche conservatism. Future research aims to refine evolutionary models, reconstruct historical biogeography using fossil records, and develop other diversity maps for both present and historical contexts to achieve a comprehensive understanding of speciation mechanisms in Macaca.