In winter, post-harvest rice field provide important foraging habitat to wintering waterfowl species such as ducks. However, the area of rice field has decreased while abandoned field has increased on nationwide in Japan. Such changes of habitat could affect population change of wintering waterfowl species depend on rice field. We analyzed relationship between population trends of seven duck species and changes of rice field on regions and a nationwide scale during a 14-year period (1996–2009). For the analysis, we selected these duck species depends on rice field, Anas platyrhynchos, An. poecilorhyncha, An. crecca, An. penelope, An. acuta, An. strepera, An. falcate. We obtained the data from annual volunteer-participatory waterfowl surveys, which were conducted in Japan by the Ministry of the Environment and local prefectural governments. Although it was difficult that detect a distinct effect of rice field changes on each duck populations on a nationwide, our results showed that population change of these duck species could be influenced by decrease of the area of rice field in some regions.