Land use intensification and climate change are dominant but independent axes of global environmental change. Yet, the potential for land use to exacerbate the impacts of extreme weather events such as typhoons, which are projected to increase in frequency, intensity, and duration in future, is largely unknown. Here, I show that land use can shape ecological resistance to and recovery from typhoons across the landscape. Using observational data from a landscape-scale acoustic monitoring network in Okinawa, Japan, I found that more natural and less intensive land uses, particularly pre-climax scrubland, were the most resistant to typhoon impacts, yet tended to recover more slowly from them. Soundscape stability was characterised by a greater diversity of typhoon responses among open and agricultural sites relative to forested sites, which tended to respond more homogeneously across space. Bird species detections also showed species-specific increases in spatial variability following the typhoons, mirroring results from acoustic indices. My results underscore the importance of natural habitats in insuring ecosystems against disturbance, and highlight the considerable potential for land use change to amplify the effects of extreme events on ecological stability.