Agroecology has emerged as a science that calls for a holistic approach to food and farming system sustainability. Agroecology offers an integrated solution with transformational potential that reconciles three central challenges that agriculture faces today: feeding a growing population, conserving natural resources, and providing sustainable lives and livelihoods for farmers, for food system and farm workers, and for people who consume their products. Grounded in the concept of the agroecosystem, where ecosystem thinking guides the study of the whole food system, agroecology provides a way to integrate science, farming practice, and the need for transformative change in the social and economic structures leading to just and sustainable food systems. As outlined in the new translation of Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food Systems, this transformative process involves 5 levels of transition. How these levels operate and interact will be the primary focus of this presentation.